灏天阁

20 个超级实用的 CSS 技巧

· Yin灏

1.解决图片 5px 间距问题

你是否经常遇到图片底部多出 5px 间距的问题？不着急，这里有 4 种方法可以帮助你解决此问题。

  • 解决方案 1：将 font-size: 0 设置为父元素

演示地址：https://codepen.io/qianlong/pen/VwrzoyE

具体实现代码如下：

HTML

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
    <title>image 5px spacing</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <div class="img-container">
      <img
        src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1600/0*MU3iBxNwssZWt6Tj"
        alt=""
      />
    </div>
  </body>
</html>

CSS

html,
body {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

.img-container {
  background-color: lightblue;
  /* Key Style */
  font-size: 0;
}

img {
  width: 100%;
}
  • 解决方案 2：将 display: block 设置为 img

演示地址：https://codepen.io/qianlong/pen/eYeGONM

具体实现代码如下：

HTML

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
    <title>image 5px spacing</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <div class="img-container">
      <img
        src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1600/0*MU3iBxNwssZWt6Tj"
        alt=""
      />
    </div>
  </body>
</html>

CSS

html,
body {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

.img-container {
  background-color: lightblue;
}

img {
  width: 100%;
  /* Key Style */
  display: block;
}
  • 解决方案 3：将 vertical-align: bottom 设置为 img

演示地址：https://codepen.io/qianlong/pen/jOaGNWw

具体实现代码如下：

HTML

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
    <title>image 5px spacing</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <div class="img-container">
      <img
        src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1600/0*MU3iBxNwssZWt6Tj"
        alt=""
      />
    </div>
  </body>
</html>

CSS

html,
body {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

.img-container {
  background-color: lightblue;
}

img {
  width: 100%;
  /* Key Style */
  vertical-align: bottom;
}
  • 方案四：给父元素设置 line-height: 5px

演示地址：https://codepen.io/qianlong/pen/PoOJYzN

具体实现代码如下：

HTML

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
  <head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8" />
    <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" />
    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
    <title>image 5px spacing</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <div class="img-container">
      <img
        src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1600/0*MU3iBxNwssZWt6Tj"
        alt=""
      />
    </div>
  </body>
</html>

CSS

html,
body {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

.img-container {
  background-color: lightblue;
  /* Key Style */
  line-height: 5px;
}

img {
  width: 100%;
}

2.元素高度与窗口相同

演示地址：https://codepen.io/qianlong/pen/xxPXKXe

如何让元素和窗口一样高？示例代码如下：

<div class="app">
  <div class="child"></div>
</div>

* {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

.child {
  width: 100%;
  /* Key Style */
  height: 100vh;
  background-image: linear-gradient(180deg, #2af598 0%, #009efd 100%);
}

3.修改输入占位符样式

演示地址：https://codepen.io/qianlong/pen/JjOrPOq

第一个修改了，第二个没有修改。

<input
  type="text"
  class="placehoder-custom"
  placeholder="Please enter user name to search"
/>
<input type="text" placeholder="Please enter user name to search" />

* {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

input {
  width: 300px;
  height: 30px;
  border: none;
  outline: none;
  display: block;
  margin: 15px;
  border: solid 1px #dee0e9;
  padding: 0 15px;
  border-radius: 15px;
}
/* Key Style */
.placehoder-custom::-webkit-input-placeholder {
  color: #babbc1;
  font-size: 12px;
}

4.使用 “:not” 选择器

演示地址：https://codepen.io/qianlong/pen/QWOqLQO

除了最后一个元素之外的所有元素都需要一些样式，使用 not 选择器会非常容易。

如下图：最后一个元素没有底边框。

<ul>
  <li>
    <span>cell</span>
    <span>content</span>
  </li>
  <li>
    <span>cell</span>
    <span>content</span>
  </li>
  <li>
    <span>cell</span>
    <span>content</span>
  </li>
  <li>
    <span>cell</span>
    <span>content</span>
  </li>
</ul>

* {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

html,
body {
  background-color: #f7f8fa;
  height: 100%;
}

ul,
li {
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0 15px;
  font-size: 14px;
}

ul {
  margin-top: 10px;
  background-color: #fff;
}

li {
  height: 32px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: space-between;
}
/* Key Style */
li:not(:last-child) {
  border-bottom: 1px solid #ebedf0;
}

li span:first-child {
  color: #323233;
}

li span:last-child {
  color: #969799;
}

5.使用 flex 布局智能固定一个元素在底部

演示地址：https://codepen.io/qianlong/pen/ZEaXzxM

当内容不够时，按钮应该在页面底部。当有足够的内容时，按钮应该跟随内容。当你遇到类似问题时，使用 flex 实现智能布局！

<div class="container">
  <div class="main">
    I'm fatfish, 6 years of programming experience, like front-end, writing and
    making friends,looking forward to becoming good friends with you.
  </div>
  <div class="footer">rule</div>
</div>

* {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

.container {
  height: 100vh;
  /* Key Style */
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: space-between;
}

.main {
  /* Key Style */
  flex: 1;
  background-image: linear-gradient(
    45deg,
    #ff9a9e 0%,
    #fad0c4 99%,
    #fad0c4 100%
  );
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  color: #fff;
}

.footer {
  padding: 15px 0;
  text-align: center;
  color: #ff9a9e;
  font-size: 14px;
}

6.使用“caret-color”修改光标颜色

演示地址：https://codepen.io/qianlong/pen/YzErKvy

有时需要修改光标的颜色。现在是插入符号颜色显示时间。

<input type="text" class="caret-color" />

* {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

body {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
}

.caret-color {
  width: 300px;
  padding: 10px;
  margin-top: 20px;
  border-radius: 10px;
  border: solid 1px #ffd476;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  background-color: transparent;
  outline: none;
  color: #ffd476;
  font-size: 14px;
  /* Key Style */
  caret-color: #ffd476;
}

.caret-color::-webkit-input-placeholder {
  color: #4f4c5f;
  font-size: 14px;
}

7.去掉 type=”number”末尾的箭头

演示地址：https://codepen.io/qianlong/pen/OJOxLrg

默认情况下，input type=number 的末尾会出现一个小箭头，但有时我们需要将其去掉。我们应该做什么？

如下图：第二个去掉了，第一个没有。

<input type="number" /> <input type="number" class="no-arrow" />

* {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

body {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  flex-direction: column;
}

input {
  width: 300px;
  padding: 10px;
  margin-top: 20px;
  border-radius: 10px;
  border: solid 1px #ffd476;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  background-color: transparent;
  outline: none;
  color: #ffd476;
  font-size: 14px;
  caret-color: #ffd476;
  display: block;
}

input::-webkit-input-placeholder {
  color: #4f4c5f;
  font-size: 14px;
}
/* Key Style */
.no-arrow::-webkit-outer-spin-button,
.no-arrow::-webkit-inner-spin-button {
  -webkit-appearance: none;
}

9.解决 iOS 滚动条卡住的问题

在苹果手机上，经常会出现滚动时元素卡住的情况。这个时候只有一行 CSS 会支持弹性滚动。

body,
html {
  -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
}

10.画三角形

演示地址：https://codepen.io/qianlong/pen/rNYGNRe

<div class="box">
  <div class="box-inner">
    <div class="triangle bottom"></div>
    <div class="triangle right"></div>
    <div class="triangle top"></div>
    <div class="triangle left"></div>
  </div>
</div>

* {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

body {
  padding: 15px;
}

.box {
  padding: 15px;
  background-color: #f5f6f9;
  border-radius: 6px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
}

.triangle {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-right: 10px;
  /* Base Style */
  border: solid 10px transparent;
}
/*bottom*/
.triangle.bottom {
  border-top-color: #0097a7;
}
/*top*/
.triangle.top {
  border-bottom-color: #b2ebf2;
}
/*left*/
.triangle.left {
  border-right-color: #00bcd4;
}
/*right*/
.triangle.right {
  border-left-color: #009688;
}

11.画小箭头

演示地址：https://codepen.io/qianlong/pen/ZEaXEEP

<div class="box">
  <div class="box-inner">
    <div class="arrow bottom"></div>
    <div class="arrow top"></div>
    <div class="arrow right"></div>
    <div class="arrow left"></div>
  </div>
</div>

* {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

body {
  padding: 15px;
}

.box {
  padding: 15px;
  background-color: #ffffff;
  border-radius: 6px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
}

.arrow {
  display: inline-block;
  margin-right: 10px;
  width: 0;
  height: 0;
  /* Base Style */
  border: 16px solid;
  border-color: transparent #cddc39 transparent transparent;
  position: relative;
}

.arrow::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  right: -20px;
  top: -16px;
  border: 16px solid;
  border-color: transparent #fff transparent transparent;
}
/*bottom*/
.arrow.bottom {
  transform: rotate(270deg);
}
/*top*/
.arrow.top {
  transform: rotate(90deg);
}
/*left*/
.arrow.left {
  transform: rotate(180deg);
}
/*right*/
.arrow.right {
  transform: rotate(0deg);
}

12.图像适合窗口大小

演示地址：https://codepen.io/qianlong/pen/PoOJoPO

<div class="box">
  <div class="img-container">
    <img
      src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1600/0*tuDPftoIhupd-qx-.jpg"
      alt=""
    />
  </div>
</div>

<div class="box">
  <div class="img-container">
    <img
      src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1600/0*tuDPftoIhupd-qx-.jpg"
      alt=""
    />
  </div>
</div>

<div class="box-vw">
  <div class="img-container">
    <img
      src="https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1600/0*tuDPftoIhupd-qx-.jpg"
      alt=""
    />
  </div>
</div>

* {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

body {
  padding: 15px;
}

.box,
.box-vw {
  background-color: #010102;
  border-radius: 10px;
  overflow: hidden;
  margin-bottom: 15px;
}

.box:nth-of-type(2) {
  width: 260px;
}
/* vw */
.box-vw .img-container {
  width: 100vw;
  height: 66.620879vw;
  padding-bottom: inherit;
}
/* padding */
.img-container {
  width: 100%;
  height: 0;
  /* Aspect ratio of picture*/
  padding-bottom: 66.620879%;
}

img {
  width: 100%;
}

13.隐藏滚动条

演示地址：https://codepen.io/qianlong/pen/yLPzLeZ

第一个滚动条可见，第二个隐藏。

这意味着容器可以滚动，但是滚动条是隐藏的，就好像它是透明的一样。

<div class="box">
  <div>
    I'm fatfish, 6 years of programming experience, like front-end, writing and
    making friends, looking forward to becoming good friends with you.
  </div>
</div>
<div class="box box-hide-scrollbar">
  <div>
    I'm fatfish, 6 years of programming experience, like front-end, writing and
    making friends, looking forward to becoming good friends with you.
  </div>
</div>

* {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

body {
  padding: 15px;
  color: #324b64;
}

.box {
  width: 375px;
  overflow: scroll;
}
/* Key Style */
.box-hide-scrollbar::-webkit-scrollbar {
  display: none; /* Chrome Safari */
}

.box > div {
  margin-bottom: 15px;
  padding: 10px;
  background-color: #f5f6f9;
  border-radius: 6px;
  font-size: 12px;
  width: 750px;
}

14.自定义选中的文字样式

演示地址：https://codepen.io/qianlong/pen/jOaGOVQ

<div class="box">
  <p class="box-default">
    I'm fatfish, 6 years of programming experience, like front-end, writing and
    making friends, looking forward to becoming good friends with you.
  </p>
  <p class="box-custom">
    I'm fatfish, 6 years of programming experience, like front-end, writing and
    making friends, looking forward to becoming good friends with you.
  </p>
</div>

* {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

body {
  padding: 15px;
  color: #324b64;
}

.box > p {
  padding: 10px;
  background-color: #f5f6f9;
  border-radius: 6px;
  font-size: 12px;

  margin-bottom: 15px;
}
/* Key Style */
.box-custom::selection {
  color: #ffffff;
  background-color: #ff4c9f;
}

15.不允许选择文本

演示地址：https://codepen.io/qianlong/pen/rNYGNyB

第一个内容可以选，第二个不可以选中了。

<div class="box">
  <p>
    I'm fatfish, 6 years of programming experience, like front-end, writing and
    making friends, looking forward to becoming good friends with you.
  </p>
  <p>
    I'm fatfish, 6 years of programming experience, like front-end, writing and
    making friends, looking forward to becoming good friends with you.
  </p>
</div>

* {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 0;
}

body {
  padding: 15px;
  color: #324b64;
}

.box p {
  margin-bottom: 15px;
  padding: 10px;
  background-color: #f5f6f9;
  border-radius: 6px;
  font-size: 12px;
}
/* Key Style */
.box p:last-child {
  user-select: none;
}

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